Nail Fungus (Onychomycosis) at Q Dermatology + Aesthetics Centre
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What is Nail Fungus?
Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a fungal infection that affects the nails, typically the toenails, but it can also occur in fingernails. The infection is caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds, which thrive in warm, moist environments. Nail fungus can lead to discoloration, thickening, and crumbling of the affected nails, and if left untreated, it can spread to other nails or surrounding skin.
While nail fungus is generally not a serious health threat, it can cause discomfort, embarrassment, and even pain in some cases, especially if the infection becomes severe.
Causes of Nail Fungus
Nail fungus develops when fungi invade the nail bed, the skin under the nail, and the nail plate. Several factors contribute to the development of nail fungus:
Poor Hygiene:
Infrequent Nail Care: Failing to keep the nails clean and trimmed can create an environment where fungi can grow.
Age:
Older adults are more prone to nail fungus due to slower nail growth and reduced circulation to the extremities.
Exposure to Fungal Infection:
Warm, Moist Environments: Fungi thrive in damp, warm areas. Walking barefoot in public places such as swimming pools, locker rooms, or showers can increase the risk of contracting a fungal infection.
Injury to the Nail: Any damage to the nail or surrounding skin increases the likelihood of a fungal infection.
Weakened Immune System:
Health Conditions: People with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or circulatory problems are at higher risk of developing nail fungus
Tight, Non-Breathable Shoes:
Wearing shoes that do not allow the feet to breathe can increase the moisture level around the nails, creating an ideal environment for fungal growth.
Symptoms of Nail Fungus
The symptoms of nail fungus can vary, but common signs include:
Discoloration: The nail may turn white, yellow, or brown.
Thickened Nails: The infected nail may become thicker, making it harder to trim.
Brittle, Crumbling Nails: The nail may become fragile and start to break or crumble at the edges.
Distorted Nail Shape: The nail may become misshapen, with a raised or uneven surface.
Foul Odor: In more severe cases, the nail may emit a foul odor due to the fungal infection.
Pain or Tenderness: The affected nail may cause discomfort or tenderness, especially if there is pressure on the nail.
How is Nail Fungus Diagnosed?
A diagnosis of nail fungus is typically made through a physical examination by a dermatologist, who will assess the appearance of the affected nail. In some cases, the doctor may conduct additional tests to confirm the diagnosis:
Microscopic Examination: A sample of the infected nail or skin may be examined under a microscope to identify the type of fungus causing the infection.
Fungal Culture: A sample of the nail debris may be sent to a laboratory to grow the fungus and determine the best treatment.
Skin Biopsy: In rare cases, if other conditions are suspected, a skin biopsy may be performed.
Treatment Options for Nail Fungus
Treatment for nail fungus can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but several effective options are available:
Topical Antifungal Treatments:
Antifungal Creams, Ointments, or Lacquers: These can be applied directly to the infected nail. Popular topical treatments include ciclopirox lacquer or terbinafine. However, these treatments may be less effective for severe or long-standing infections.
Benefit: Topical treatments are easy to apply and have fewer side effects, but they are generally more effective for mild cases.
Oral Antifungal Medications:
Terbinafine (Lamisil): This oral medication is one of the most commonly prescribed treatments for nail fungus. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi.
Itraconazole (Sporanox): Another oral antifungal drug that works similarly to terbinafine.
Fluconazole (Diflucan): A less commonly used oral medication for treating nail fungus.
Benefit: Oral antifungal medications are typically more effective for treating moderate to severe nail fungus, as they work from the inside out by targeting the infection in the nail bed.
Laser Treatment:
Description: Laser therapy can be used to treat nail fungus by using targeted light to penetrate the nail and destroy the fungi without damaging the surrounding tissue.
Benefit: Laser treatment is a non-invasive procedure that may require fewer sessions compared to other treatments. It is often used in conjunction with oral or topical antifungal medications.
Surgical Removal of the Nail:
Description: In extreme cases, if the nail is severely damaged, painful, or does not respond to other treatments, the infected nail may need to be removed surgically.
Benefit: This is a last-resort option used for persistent or complicated infections. After the nail is removed, antifungal treatments can be applied to the nail bed.
Antiseptic and Antifungal Foot Soaks:
Description: Soaking the feet in solutions such as vinegar, salt, or over-the-counter antifungal solutions may help reduce the growth of the fungus.
Benefit: Soaking can provide temporary relief for mild infections but is not a cure on its own.
Preventing Nail Fungus
While it may not always be possible to prevent nail fungus, the following measures can help reduce the risk of developing it:
Keep Your Feet Dry: Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, so it’s important to keep your feet clean and dry.
Wear Breathable Shoes: Choose shoes made of materials that allow air to circulate, such as leather or canvas. Avoid wearing tight, non-breathable shoes for extended periods.
Avoid Walking Barefoot in Public Places: Wear flip-flops or sandals in places like swimming pools, gyms, or locker rooms where fungi are commonly present.
Trim Your Nails Regularly: Keeping nails short and clean can help prevent fungi from getting trapped under the nail.
Use Antifungal Powder: Apply antifungal powder to your feet and shoes if you’re prone to foot infections.
Why Choose Q Dermatology + Aesthetics Centre?
At Q Dermatology + Aesthetics Centre, we specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of nail fungus. Our experienced dermatologists use the latest treatments, including oral medications, topical treatments, laser therapy, and surgical options, to help eliminate the infection and restore your nails to their healthy state. We tailor treatment plans to your needs, ensuring effective and safe care.
Schedule a Consultation Today
If you're concerned about nail fungus or are experiencing symptoms, don't wait to seek treatment. Early intervention can help prevent the infection from spreading and provide relief. Call us today at +1 604 359 9632 or click below to request an appointment with one of our experienced dermatologists.
