Causes of Psoriasis

The exact cause of psoriasis is not completely understood, but it is believed to involve an overactive immune system. Instead of defending the body from infection, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing them to grow too quickly. Several factors can trigger or worsen psoriasis, including:

• Genetics: Psoriasis tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
  
  

• Immune System Dysfunction: Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks healthy cells, causing inflammation.
  
  

• Environmental Triggers: These may include stress, infections (such as strep throat), skin injuries, medications, and weather changes.
  
  

• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption can worsen psoriasis symptoms.
  
  

Symptoms of Psoriasis

The symptoms of psoriasis can vary depending on the type and severity but generally include:

• Red, inflamed patches of skin covered with silvery scales.
  
  

• Itching, burning, or soreness in the affected areas.
  
  

• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed.
  
  

• Thickened or ridged nails.
  
  

• Swollen or stiff joints (psoriatic arthritis).
  
  

How is Psoriasis Diagnosed?

Psoriasis is typically diagnosed by a dermatologist based on the appearance of the skin and a physical exam. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be taken to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. If psoriatic arthritis is suspected, a joint examination or imaging tests (such as X-rays) may be performed.

Treatment Options for Psoriasis

While there is no cure for psoriasis, various treatments can help control symptoms and reduce flare-ups. Treatment depends on the type and severity of psoriasis:

1. Topical Treatments:
   
   

• Topical Steroids: Corticosteroid creams or ointments are the most commonly used treatment for reducing inflammation and redness.
  
  

• Vitamin D Analogues (Calcipotriene): These can slow skin cell turnover and reduce scaling.
  
  

• Coal Tar: A thick, sticky substance that can help reduce scaling, itching, and inflammation.
  
  

• Tazarotene: A topical retinoid that can help control cell turnover and reduce inflammation.
  
  

• Emollients and Moisturizers: Regular moisturizing helps keep the skin hydrated and reduce dryness and irritation.
  
  

2. Oral Medications:
   
   

• Methotrexate: A medication that suppresses the immune system and reduces inflammation, often used for moderate to severe psoriasis.
  
  

• Acitretin: A systemic retinoid that can help normalize skin cell production.
  
  

• Cyclosporine: An immunosuppressant used for severe cases to reduce the immune response.
  
  

• Apremilast (Otezla): An oral medication that targets inflammation and is often prescribed for psoriatic arthritis or severe psoriasis.
  
  

3. Biologic Therapies:
   
   

• Biologic Medications: These are injectable or intravenous medications that target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation and skin cell growth. They are typically used for moderate to severe psoriasis that does not respond to other treatments.
  
  

• Common biologics include:
  
  

• Adalimumab (Humira)
  
  

• Ustekinumab (Stelara)
  
  

• Secukinumab (Cosentyx)
  
  

• Ixekizumab (Taltz)
  
  

4. Phototherapy (Light Therapy):
   
   

• Description: This treatment involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light. It can be effective for treating moderate to severe psoriasis.
  
  

• Types of Light Therapy:
  
  

• Narrowband UVB therapy: Uses UVB light to slow down the growth of skin cells.
  
  

• PUVA therapy: Combines UVA light with a medication called psoralen to make the skin more sensitive to the light.
  
  

5. Lifestyle Changes and Home Remedies:
   
   

• Stress Management: Stress can trigger psoriasis flare-ups, so practicing stress-relief techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing can help.
  
  

• Dietary Changes: Certain foods can trigger psoriasis symptoms, so avoiding alcohol, processed foods, and foods high in sugar may help reduce flare-ups.
  
  

• Proper Skin Care: Use mild, non-soap cleansers, avoid hot showers, and keep your skin moisturized to reduce irritation.
  
  

6. Joint Treatment (Psoriatic Arthritis):
   
   

• Description: If psoriasis is accompanied by joint pain (psoriatic arthritis), treatment may involve medications to control joint inflammation and improve mobility.
  
  

• Medications: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics may be prescribed to manage both skin and joint symptoms.
  
  

Preventing Psoriasis Flare-Ups

While psoriasis cannot be completely prevented, the following tips can help reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups:

• Protect your skin from trauma: Avoid cuts, scrapes, and sunburns, as they can trigger a flare-up.
  
  

• Moisturize regularly: Keep the skin hydrated to prevent dryness and cracking.
  
  

• Limit sun exposure: While moderate sun exposure can help, excessive sun exposure can trigger psoriasis flare-ups.
  
  

• Avoid known triggers: Stress, infections, certain medications, and smoking can all trigger or worsen psoriasis.
  
  

Why Choose Q Dermatology + Aesthetics Centre?

At Q Dermatology + Aesthetics Centre, we specialize in the treatment of psoriasis, providing comprehensive care that includes personalized treatment plans, advanced therapies, and ongoing support. Our dermatologists are dedicated to helping you manage your condition and achieve clear, healthy skin.

Schedule a Consultation Today

If you have psoriasis or suspect you may have it, don’t wait. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve your quality of life. Call us today at +1 604 359 9632 or click below to request an appointment.